So far in 2025, investment-grade bonds have generally delivered modest gains, but municipal bonds have bucked the trend with disappointing performance. The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF (AGG) returned 2.85% through mid-June, while the iShares National Muni Bond ETF (MUB) declined by 1.29%, despite their similar credit quality and low fees. 

One key difference lies in liquidity: municipal bonds are often held long-term, making them harder to trade, with wide bid-ask spreads that erode value during redemptions. Outflows from MUB and uncertainty around tax policy, especially the fate of the 2017 tax cuts, may also be pressuring muni prices. 

For investors in high tax brackets, limited allocations to diversified, low-cost muni funds may still be warranted, but caution is advised, and exposure should generally stay under 20% of fixed income holdings.

Finsum: Structural issues, like the possibility of reduced federal funding for states and large unfunded liabilities, further cloud the muni bond outlook.

Married retirees with an age or income gap can significantly reduce their Social Security tax bill in 2025 by delaying benefits and strategically using the new $6,000 Senior Deduction. For example, when the older spouse defers Social Security until age 70, it not only boosts lifetime income but also helps lower the couple’s current combined income, keeping more benefits tax-free. 

Roth IRA conversions during low-income years and Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs) after age 70½ are smart ways to cut taxable income without losing access to deductions. The Senior Deduction becomes especially powerful when couples keep their Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) under $150,000, the cap for eligibility. 

By timing withdrawals from IRAs to coincide with lower earning years and coordinating the younger spouse’s income, couples can avoid tipping into higher Social Security tax brackets. 

Finsum: A well-planned mix of benefit delays, tax-efficient withdrawals, and smart giving can make retirement income go further while keeping taxes in check.

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Taxes shouldn’t dictate your investment decisions, but they should definitely inform them,  especially if you’re holding assets in taxable accounts where after-tax returns matter most. Smart investors know that choosing the right account type such as Roth IRAs, traditional 401(k)s, or HSAs can make a big difference in long-term performance by deferring or avoiding taxes altogether. 

Tax-deferred accounts often outperform taxable ones over time, especially when you're in a high tax bracket or expect to drop into a lower one in retirement. A diversified mix of taxable, tax-deferred, and tax-free accounts can give you more control over your income strategy and tax liability in retirement. 

Beyond account choice, selecting tax-efficient investments like municipal bonds or low-turnover ETFs can reduce the drag of taxes on earnings, especially when every percentage point counts. 

Finsum: In the end, tax-savvy investing isn't about dodging the IRS, it's about maximizing what you keep and using tax rules to your advantage.