Bonds: Total Market
Stocks and bonds were both down following comments by Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller that rate cuts will be implemented slowly. Both are now in the red on a YTD basis. According to Waller, “When the time is right to begin lowering rates, I believe it can and should be lowered methodically and carefully.” As opposed to previous cycles, when cuts were implemented aggressively and quickly, Waller sees a slower, more gradual pace this time around.
His comments had a chilling effect, especially as financial markets had been in a buoyant mood, looking ahead to rate cuts later this year and the possibility of a ‘soft landing’. While Waller injected a dose of hawkishness, recent economic data has also been on the weak side, adding to recession fears. Needless to say, such developments reduce the odds of a ‘soft landing’ scenario.
Currently, Fed futures markets indicate a 60% chance of a cut at the March FOMC meeting. Going into that meeting, inflation and labor market data will be major factors in this decision and market-moving events. Q4 earnings season is also starting, and it will be worth watching whether the improvement in Q3 will continue. The current consensus is for S&P 500 Q4 earnings to increase by 1.6% compared to last year.
Finsum: Stocks and bonds weakened following hawkish comments from Fed Governor Waller. Waller sees a slower pace of rate cuts during this cycle than previous ones.
2023 saw many twists and turns in financial markets. Yet, one enduring trend was the growth of active and fixed income ETFs as measured by inflows and new ETF launches. Andres Rincon, the Head of ETF Sales and Strategy at TD Securities, shares why this was the case and what’s next for 2024.
A major factor is that mutual funds had net outflows, while ETFs had nearly an equivalent amount of inflows. This is an indication of a secular shift as investors and institutions increasingly favor ETFs due to more liquidity and transparency. In response, many asset managers are now converting fixed income mutual funds into active ETFs or offer dual versions.
Fixed income ETFs also benefited from yields being at their highest level in decades in addition to an uncertain economic outlook. Despite the rally in fixed income in the last couple of months of 2023, Rincon notes that investors had been positioning themselves for a downturn in the economy and pivot in Fed policy starting early in the year.
Flows into active fixed income ETFs have also been strong, given that fixed income is more complex than equities. This is despite these ETFs typically having higher fees. Yet, active managers are able to take advantage of inefficiencies that are unavailable to passive funds. And, active is a particularly good fit for the current moment when there is indecision about the timing and extent of the Fed’s next move.
Finsum: TD’s Andres Rincon discusses what drove the surge of inflows into fixed income and active ETFs last year. And, why these trends should continue in 2024.
2023 was a year of twists and turns for fixed income, although it ended with a big rally in the final months of the year. In 2024, Schwab Fixed Income strategist Collin Martin forecasts positive returns for the asset class and believes that yields have already peaked. Additionally, he notes that bonds are once again a diversifier against equities after an ‘anomalous’ 2022, especially at current yields.
Despite believing that yields have peaked, he remains bullish on the asset class, noting attractive opportunities to generate substantial income. However, investors will need to be selective in terms of duration and quality. Martin recommends longer-duration securities to take advantage of higher yields even if yields are currently higher in CDs, bank deposits, or Treasury bills. This is because longer-term yields at 4% are quite attractive, and it negates interest rate risk in the event of Fed rate cuts.
Martin added that investors should prioritize quality especially since there is no additional compensation for taking on risk in lower-rated or high-yield debt given current spreads. Therefore, stick to Treasuries or high-quality corporate debt which offer generous yields with minimal risk. Both would also outperform in the event that economic conditions further deteriorate.
Finsum: Schwab is bullish on fixed income in 2024 although it believes that investors need to be selective in terms of quality and duration.
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Separately managed accounts (SMAs) have been utilized for decades to effectively manage client assets. Benefits include transparency, flexibility, control over costs, and choice. They can be optimized for various purposes including taxes, income, cash flow, etc. They also allow for more customization than ETFs or mutual funds.
They are particularly popular for fixed income purposes and have seen impressive growth in recent years. For instance, municipal fixed-income assets went from $100 billion in 2008 to $718 billion in July 2023. In part, this is due to SMAs becoming more accessible to a wider universe of investors as improved technology has led to lower costs and lower minimum amounts to invest.
ETF’s presence in the municipal bond market is also growing fast. There are now 81 funds and $108 billion in assets, a 50% increase from 2021 but less than 3% of the total muni market. Many active mutual funds are being converted into active ETFs. One advantage is greater liquidity which allows investors to quickly gain exposure as a placeholder while they accumulate individual securities.
Mutual fund flows can be affected by market sentiment, leading to selling during periods of redemption, which is not an issue with SMAs. Due to the growth of SMAs and ETFs, muni mutual funds have seen net outflows over the last couple of years. Another factor is high rates making short-term securities or bank deposits more attractive relative to longer-duration assets.
Finsum: There are multiple ways to invest in municipal bonds. One of the fastest-growing methods is through separately managed accounts which offer some specific benefits relative to ETFs or mutual funds.
Passive ETFs have lower expense ratios because they don't require a team of portfolio managers to constantly analyze and adjust the mix of underlying investments. Over time, this lower cost can add a meaningful amount to the value of an investor's holdings.
While advisors and investors appreciate lower expense ratios, ETF's benefits extend beyond a simple fee advantage. A closer look reveals another hidden strength: real-time trading.
Unlike traditional mutual funds, which price investments only at day's end, ETFs operate like stocks, providing continuous price transparency and allowing for immediate execution. Gone are the days of uncertainty surrounding redemption values; with ETFs, you see the precise price you'll pay and receive, empowering informed decisions throughout the trading day.
Yet another impactful advantage lies in their liquidity. Popular ETFs often boast trading volumes exceeding even blue-chip stocks. This translates to tight bid-ask spreads, minimizing the price difference between buying and selling, and enabling efficient trade execution.
The combination of low-cost, real-time pricing, and ample liquidity make ETFs powerful tools for financial advisors seeking precision and flexibility within their client's portfolios.
Finsum: Low cost is not the only reason financial advisors should consider ETFs in their client’s portfolios. Consider these other advantages as well.
Stocks whose prices trail their implied intrinsic value are often seen as attractive investments primarily due to their undervaluation. But a recent article by Vanguard suggests another reason value stocks may be worth considering now. Historically, value stocks have outperformed their “growth” counterparts in times of economic recovery.
The report quotes Kevin DiCiurcio, CFA, head of the Vanguard Capital Markets Model® research team, as he makes the case. “So, if you believe that the Federal Reserve may have engineered a soft landing—that we’re going to sidestep a recession and that the economy’s next move is an acceleration—the case for value is strengthened.”
According to their research published in August, 2023, Vanguard estimated that value stocks were priced more than 51% below their fair value prediction. They stated, “It’s well-known... that asset prices can stray meaningfully from perceived fair values for extended periods. However, as we explained in (previous research), deviations from fair value and future relative returns share an inverse and statistically significant relationship over five- and 10-year periods.”
This observation adds one more reason value stocks are worth a look. In addition to favorable valuations and historically consistent dividends, the possibility that value stocks may shine during the coming economic recovery many anticipate, is another factor to consider. Whether held directly, within a passive allocation, or as part of a Separately Managed Account, now is a perfect time to revisit the case for value stocks in your client’s portfolios.
Finsum: Vanguard's research highlights value stock historical outperformance during economic recoveries.